Assessment of Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Carissa carandas Linn Extract: In Vitro and In Vivo Study

This study investigated the effects of aqueous fruit extracts Carissa carandas (CCA) on inflammation and insulin resistance using an in vitro cellular model, vivo high-fat diets, a streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic (T2DM) rat model. CCA significantly ameliorated by decreasing nitric oxide production lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Interestingly, showed anti-insulin activities, as it improved glucose uptake decreased glycerol release LPS-induced 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In studies that high dose 12-week oral supplementation (400 mg/kg BW/day) reduced visceral fat, triglycerides, cholesterol level blood rats. Importantly, metabolic parameters both fasting postprandial states, including plasma glucose, HOMA-IR, intolerance, improved, indicating its antihyperglycemic benefit Moreover, results HOMA-β histological examination suggested pancreatic β-cell function morphological changes metformin treatments appeared to be better than those non-treated diabetes, protective effect against damage caused hyperglycemia. conclusion, present first reported C. extract has anti-inflammation resistance, subsequently glycemic control T2DM